BIOGAS
& SWACCHH BHARAT ABHIYAN
IIT Delhi
is planning to develop a small household aesthetic and compact model of biogas
digester which will be of the size of domestic refrigerator or washing machine,
where household generated kitchen waste and food leftover material can be
converted into biogas. This may supplement LPG for cooking as minor changes in
the burner stove design make it compatible for both LPG and biogas. The burner
can run on both fuels, depending upon availability. This may help us to save at
least 10–15% of LPG consumption in households.
Not only in the capital but in most of the
cities, waste management issues are becoming important for municipalities and
consuming most of their budget. The waste is heaping up like mountains and we do
not have a fool proof solution to it. This problem can be combated by
segregating biodegradable waste and then subjecting to household biogas
plants/entrepreneurial system of biogas. Nowadays, in rural areas some persons
are not willing to touch and handle cow dung. This is one of the reasons for
non–functioning of many biogas plants. This situation can be overcome if
entrepreneurial based biogas system is promoted in rural areas where a large
biogas plant is setup in the village and gas is distributed through pipeline.
This will ensure proper management of dung and waste collection, biogas and bio
manure distribution to every household by the entrepreneurs on nominal charge
basis.
In such a
way waste management can become self-reliant by providing energy and
biofertilizer. Such initiatives taken by people to utilize the waste generated
by them will help in keeping the environment clean, green and disease free by
which everyone can contribute to the Prime Minister’s vision and mission of
Swacchh Bharat Abhiyan
NATIONAL BIOGAS AND MANURE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (NBMMP)
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) introduced
the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) in 1981. It’s a
Central Sector Scheme, which provides for setting up of Family Type Biogas
Plants mainly for rural and semi-urban households. The aim of the NBMMP is to
specifically utilize biogas energy in order to address the deficiency in
adequate cooking energy sources in India. The government views biogas
technology as a vehicle to reduce rural poverty and as a tool in it’s drive for
rural development. The most important instrument in the promotion of biogas
technology is the provision of allowances paid towards the investment costs
which benefit the farmers directly. The extent of this sum is defined by the
size of the plant, the social category of the user and the relevant part of the
country where the plant being promoted is located.
Over 48 lakh small biogas plants of family sized (1 cubic
metre onwards) for cattle manure are installed so far against a potential of
1.2 croe. The Central Financial Assistance (CFA) on biogas plant provided under
National Biogas and Manure Management Programme.
BIOGAS BASED DISTRIBUTED/GRID
POWER GENERATION PROGRAMME
The
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy had also started a scheme “Biogas based
Distributed/Grid Power Generation Programme” from 2005–06 with a view to
promote biogas based power generation, especially in the small capacity range. Biogas based power units can be a reliable decentralized power generation
option in the country. In
order to promote this route of power generation, specifically in the small
capacity range (3 kW to 250 kW), based on the availability of large quantity of
animal wastes and wastes from forestry, rural based industries (agro/food
processing), kitchen wastes, etc. The central financial assistance for such
projects will be limited to a maximum of Rs 30000 to
40000 per kW depending upon capacity of the power generating projects in the
range of 3 kW to 250 kW of different rating limited to 40% of the plant cost
Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India is contemplating National Biogas Mission
for setting up of 1 crore biogas plant by 2022. Already a task force has been
constituted by the Ministry, which is working on preparation of Mission
Document.
This will
be an initiative for utilizing
all kind of bio–waste for biogas production for cooking, power generation and automotive fuel,
for providing energy security and
promoting organic agriculture
in the country.
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