SURVEYING
Surveying is an art of determining the position of points on,above or below the surface of the earth,by taking linear or angular measurements.generally surveying is considered as a process of determining the position of points on horizontal plane.
CONCEPT OF SURVEYING
Basic component of surveying is to collect data about the points on the surface of the earth, prepare plans and maps,calculate the areas and volumes, and transfer points from plan to ground.
Surveying is essential in all civil Engineering activities,including the construction of buildings,bridges,roads and railways,pipe lines,dams,ports and harbors etc.engineering project cannot commence without ssurvey data, i.e planning and execution of engineering projects
PURPOSE OF SURVEYING
The main purpose of surveying is to prepare a plan or map with the help of field measurements.surveying may be done for following purposes
1. To prepare a map of a country or state showing the detailed location of cities, towns,major roads,boundary of areas etc.
2. To prepare a topographical mp which shows the hills,valleys,rivers,forests etc. of a country.
3. To prepare a cadastral map which showing the boundaries of field houses and other properties.
4. To prepare a engineering detailed plans and sections of various engineering works such as Roads,Railways,Bridges,Dams,Irrigtion Canals etc.
5. To prepare a archaelogical map.
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